The pancreas is a pale grey gland weighing about 60 grams . It is about 12–15 cm long and is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions of the abdominal cavity.It consists of a broad head , a body and a narrow tail . The head lies in the curve of the duodenum, the body behind the stomach and the tail lies in front of the left kidney and just reaches the spleen. The abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava lie behind the gland. Location and Structure:- Retroperitoneal organ located in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium. Shape: Elongated and tapered, resembling a fish. Parts: Head: Lies in the curve of the duodenum, with the uncinate process extending behind the superior mesenteric vessels. Neck: Connects the head and body, crossing the superior mesenteric vessels. Body: The central part, lying across the midline, anterior to the aorta and left renal vein. Tail: Narrow end extending to the splenic hil...
Thyroidectomy Introduction :- Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removal of all or some part of the thyroid gland. Anatomy:- Location The thyroid gland is situated in the neck, below the larynx (voice box), and wraps around the trachea (windpipe). Structure The thyroid gland consists of: 1. Two lobes (right and left) 2. Isthmus (connects the two lobes) 3. Follicles (small sacs containing thyroid hormone-producing cells) Components:- 1. Thyroid follicular cells (produce thyroid hormones) 2. Parafollicular cells (produce calcitonin) 3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors Blood Supply:- 1. Superior thyroid artery (branches from external carotid artery) 2. Inferior thyroid artery (branches from thyrocervical trunk) 3. Thyroid vei...